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Apollo astronauts left nuclear-powered science packages on the Moon, as seen in this photo. The inset shows a close-up of the Passive Seismic Experiment deployed on Moon by Apollo 14 moonwalkers.


The rocket that might have created the junk, and a space-based view of another Apollo mission's rocket booster similar to the one that might hit the Moon next year.


The Asteroid Research Team at the Fort Bend Astronomy Club made three 30-second images of J002E3 on Sept. 10. Background stars remain fixed as the object is seen moving in an animation of the three images. Click to see it.
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By Robert Roy Britt
Senior Science Writer
posted: 03:45 pm ET
11 October 2002

Case that Moon is Apollo Space Junk Gets Tighter

NASA scientists announced this week some strange movement in a hunk of Apollo-era space junk that was once thought to be a new natural moon of Earth.

The movement, attributed to sunlights effect on the object, has helped the researchers improve projections forward and back in time for the objects travels.

The new evidence rules out any chance the object, called J002E3, will hit Earth or the Moon over the next four decades. Computer simulations further show that the object is almost surely an old third-stage booster rocket from the Apollo 12 mission.

On Sept. 19, SPACE.com reported that the hunk of junk would escape Earths gravitational influence.

In observations since then, the object has not been where researchers predicted it should be. The reason: Solar radiation is gently pushing the object to a faster pace. The increased speed would not be achieved if the object were a space rock, whose reflective properties are much different than solid metal.

Scientists have long known that solar radiation affects that path of things in space. In fact, some have suggested that by painting an incoming asteroid white, they could cause it to be diverted by sunlight and avoid a catastrophic impact with Earth.

The amount of J002E3s acceleration "matches very well with what we would expect" for a rocket booster, say Steve Chesley and Paul Chodas, two scientists at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory who usually spend their time studying asteroids. The researchers have been modeling the trajectory of J002E3 since it was first spotted Sept. 3 and thought, initially, to be an asteroid that had been captured into orbit by Earth.

The researchers used the new information to project the objects orbit back in time more accurately, allowing them to "discover" it on archived photos. They then projected its orbit forward in time more accurately. There had been a slight chance, according to a computer simulation, that it would hit the Moon or Earth.

"It is now certain that J002E3 will depart the Earth-Moon system in June 2003 and that there is no possibility of an impact for several decades," the researchers said in a statement. "In the years ahead J002E3 may be recaptured, but the first opportunity for this will not be until the mid-2040s."

Meanwhile, the hunk of metal will orbit the Sun on roughly the same path as Earth.

 

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