Promising Perseid Meteor Shower Peaks Tonight: How to See It

The potentially dazzling meteor shower will reach its peak in the overnight hours tonight, and you can watch it live online - courtesy of NASA - if bad weather rains out your view.

The annual Perseid meteor shower will be at its best late tonight (Aug. 12) and early tomorrow, with the best time to catch the celestial fireworks display coming at 2 a.m. EDT (0600 GMT). NASA will host at free webcast of the meteor shower beginning at 10 p.m. EDT (0200 GMT) on NASA TV. You can also watch it live here on Space.com.

You can watch the Perseid meteor shower webcast here, courtesy of NASA. The webcast will feature commentary from meteor experts from four NASA space centers, as well as the American Meteor Society.

Meteors, popularly called "shooting stars," are caused by small pieces of interplanetary matter known as meteoroids. These objects are smaller than asteroids, ranging in size from 40 inches (1 meter) down to objects as small as a grain of sand. These are heated to fluorescence when they encounter the Earth's atmosphere, and observers on the ground see rapidly moving bright points of light. [Sky Maps to See the Perseid Meteor Shower]

If the meteor is large enough, it may leave a train of glowing particles in its wake, which usually fades within a few seconds. Meteors do not have tails; this misconception comes from confusion with comets, which move far more slowly and do have tails. A comet is visible for weeks or months, whereas a meteor is gone in a second or two.

Origins of a meteor display

Meteoroids are distributed throughout the solar system, so it's possible to see a meteor on any night in the year; these are called "sporadic meteors." But there are some  greater concentration of meteoroids, usually moving in the same orbit as a comet or asteroid that has gradually lost material along its orbit.

The Perseids are associated with Comet Swift-Tuttle, which was discovered in 1862 and last observed in 1992. It will next be close to Earth in 2126.

When the Earth passes through a concentration of meteoroids, it produces a greater number of meteors, called a "meteor shower." These meteors may appear anywhere in the sky, but if you trace their paths backwards, they will all appear to come from a point in the sky known as the "radiant" of the shower.

Where to look for Perseids

These showers are usually named for the constellation in which the radiant lies, so the shower this week is called "the Perseids" after the constellation Perseus, which lies between Cassiopeia and the bright star Capella.  [Related: Best Places to See the Perseids This Week]

If you look straight at the radiant of a meteor shower, you will see the meteors appearing to come toward you and passing by on either side. Because of perspective, the meteors will tend to be short in length and brief in time. If you look well off to the side of the radiant, the meteors you'll see will be longer. Because of the direction the Earth faces moving through space, you will usually see far more meteors after midnight local time (1 a.m. daylight-saving time).

With the radiant of the Perseids in the northeastern sky  of North America, the best directions to look are southeast and northwest. Better still is to lie on your back and look straight overhead.

Many people misunderstand what the term "meteor shower" means. It is a slightly higher frequency of meteors coming from a particular radiating point. On a night without a shower, you will see perhaps five meteors an hour if you watch continuously. At the peak of the Perseid shower under very dark country skies, you should expect to see 90 meteors an hour if you concentrate on looking straight overhead. That's about three meteors every 2 minutes.

This year's Perseid shower is particularly good because the peak falls just after midnight local time for observers in the eastern half of North America, and the moon is close to new and doesn’t rise until after 5 a.m. 

Viewing tips for the Perseids

The darker your skies, the better chance you'll have of catching the faint meteors. Under light-polluted skies, you will see far fewer meteors, as only the brightest ones can be seen. [Astronomy Gear Guide for Amateur Skywatchers]

It's important to dress warmly, since even in summer the temperature can drop quite low after midnight. I usually wear winter clothes and lie back on a deck chair so that I can see close to overhead. It's important to spend at least 20 minutes under a dark sky so that your eyes get fully adapted to the dark. Don't bother with a telescope or binoculars, as these take in too little sky. Your best equipment to see meteors is the plain old human eye.

An interesting project is to equip yourself with a star chart of the direction you plan to observe, and then to plot the meteors you see on that chart. (Use a red flashlight so you don't lose your dark adaptation.) If you observe continuously for more than an hour, you should be able to confirm that the radiant is in Perseus.

The Perseids also provide a great opportunity for photography. Point your camera toward the northeast, and leave the shutter open for at least a minute. Do this several times in succession, and you're almost certain to catch a few Perseids. As always, we would like to see your pictures.

If your area is clouded out on the night of the peak, try again over the next few nights, as the Perseids have quite a broad peak.

Editor's note: If you snap a great photo of the Perseid meteor shower and want to share it for a possible story or gallery, send images and comments in to managing editor Tariq Malik at spacephotos@space.com.

This article was provided to Space.com by Simulation Curriculum, the leader in space science-curriculum solutions and the makers of Starry Night and SkySafari. Follow Starry Night on Twitter @StarryNightEdu. Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebook and Google+. Original article on Space.com.