Rafi Letzter
Rafi wrote for Live Science from 2017 until 2021, when he became a technical writer for IBM Quantum. He has a bachelor's degree in journalism from Northwestern University’s Medill School of journalism. You can find his past science reporting at Inverse, Business Insider and Popular Science, and his past photojournalism on the Flash90 wire service and in the pages of The Courier Post of southern New Jersey.
Latest articles by Rafi Letzter
![moon](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/rTqeLDjtFuX5X3sJMbdKcn-320-80.jpg)
China Plans to Build a Moon Base Near the Lunar South Pole
By Rafi Letzter published
China plans to build a scientific research station on the moon in 'about 10 years' according to a state news agency.
![An image from Chandra shows how the magnetar suddenly lit up in front of the black hole in 2013.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/5tu36i7v2kAQjKstqK38JJ-320-80.jpg)
There's a Tiny, Bright Magnetar Photobombing Our Galaxy's Supermassive Black Hole
By Rafi Letzter published
Astronomers studying black hole SagA* have to deal with the weird, frustrating little star that lit up right between Earth and the black hole in 2013.
![This illustration shows the gas passing the black hole. The orange cloud is G2, and the blue lines represent the orbits of nearby stars around the supermassive black hole. The black hole's gravity shapes the behavior of every object in its neighborhood.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/wwx4oHEK3Djaqe2deyRozW-320-80.jpg)
Physicists Closer to Solving Mystery of Weird Glowing Ring Around Milky Way's Black Hole
By Rafi Letzter published
Astronomers watched a high-speed gas cloud slam into the atmosphere of the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way.
![The voyage to Mars will expose astronauts to deadly levels of cosmic radiation. But a group of college students has a plan to shield spacecraft from radiation.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/65SkN6mBd9T7tFqnnmuibA-320-80.jpg)
College Students Hatch Nuclear-Powered Magnetic Plan to Protect Marsonauts from Cosmic Rays
By Rafi Letzter published
A team of undergraduate students at Drake University in Iowa is developing a magnetic shield to defend interplanetary astronauts from the intense cosmic radiation between Earth and Mars.
![An artist's impression shows a black hole's accretion disk, with gas and dust from nearby nebula being pulled toward the disk.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/W4Cytc9CpkQfjr8kuYFPEM-320-80.jpg)
These Wisps Around Black Holes Could Reveal How the Cosmic Beasts Eat
By Rafi Letzter published
The international team responsible for the first-ever image of a black hole's shadow already has plans to take a better, more detailed image.
![This image by the Event Horizon Telescope project shows the event horizon of the supermassive black hole at the heart of the M87 galaxy.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/jTVzX3HFWeZTNJJVtLESbU-320-80.jpg)
We Could Soon Watch a Black Hole in Action, Gobbling Up Matter in Real Time
By Rafi Letzter published
The huge team behind the Event Horizon Telescope already made news with their first image of a black hole. But they've got bigger ambitions.
![wormholes](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/oFia5ocWr4s6AsEUd5gNrW-320-80.jpg)
Physicists Think You Could Be Rescued from a Black Hole — But Don't Risk It
By Rafi Letzter published
Researchers have developed a new, unspeakably dangerous, and incredibly slow method of crossing the universe. It involves wormholes linking special black holes that probably don't exist.
![An artist illustrated this image of an exoplanet in a distant star system.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/czUBcje9t4sR7tHoQi4Wna-320-80.jpg)
Physicists Scramble to Understand the Extreme Crystals Hiding Inside Giant, Alien Planets
By Rafi Letzter published
Planetary scientists are calling on mineral physicists to help them figure out the strange chemistry going on inside super-Earths and mini-Neptunes.
![A 1998 Hubble image shows the relatavistic jet escaping Virgo A.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/94yrkKgB4tfbL9AXcMyY4V-320-80.jpg)
3 Huge Questions the Black Hole Image Didn't Answer
By Rafi Letzter published
Almost nothing in the black hole image surprised astrophysicists. These are the three biggest mysteries it left unsolved, and two questions it did answer.
![An Israeli man in Tel Aviv react after the Beresheet spacecraft fails to land on the moon on April 11, 2019.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/FZbRiKHjeKSzWiyA4Pn8Cj-320-80.jpg)
Israeli Lander Failure Marks 1st Moon Crash in 48 Years
By Rafi Letzter published
Beresheet's moon crash was the first in nearly half a century. But back in the day, moon crashes happened all the time.
![This image comes from a computer simulation of a skyrmion bag containing three skyrmions. White represents magnetic field lines pointing up, black represents lines pointing down, and other colors represent other directions.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/5YfCFJkyw5VoCSjnFvtsp5-320-80.jpg)
Physicists Stuffed a Ghostly 'Skyrmion' Full of 'Antiskyrmions'
By Rafi Letzter published
The ghostly 'quasiparticles' have barely any material existence, but physicists are still managing to manipulate them into uncanny shapes.
![An optical micrograph shows lanthanum superhydride heated by a laser under extreme pressures.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/Ktt4LguUW5jDy4PU7rNTmF-320-80.jpg)
Extreme, Hydrogen-Crushing Physicists Are Pushing Us into a 'New Era of Superconductivity'
By Rafi Letzter published
Lanthanum, diamond crushers and advanced computer models are changing the hunt for this extreme quantum mechanical effect.
![An illustration shows the gas giant orbiting close to a star will starquakes similar to those found in our own sun.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/g93MEtyQgTfD9pghSFmjbD-320-80.jpg)
Starquakes Rock Alien Sun, Revealing Details of a 'Hot Saturn'
By Rafi Letzter published
NASA's TESS mission has, for the first time, detected a planet orbiting a star with visible starquakes.
![This is a NASA illustration of a supernova.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/9sahJiiSepuNC7GnfTBveC-320-80.jpeg)
Physicists Think They've Figured Out the Most Extreme Chemical Factories in the Universe
By Rafi Letzter published
Our world is full of chemicals that shouldn't exist. New research could explain why they exist anyway.
![This image shows both stars. "AU" means "astronomical unit," referring to the distance between Earth and the sun.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/mtA5pP8tLMUa6qXGmjPfJD-320-80.jpg)
Why Are These Massive, Baby Stars Orbiting So Close Together?
By Rafi Letzter published
This massively bright "star" is actually two stars.
![Bursts of energy shoot from this artist's conception of a magnetar.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/LXQQdM3mGmJTQviH8AyEVF-320-80.jpg)
A Strange, Sleeping Magnetar Just Woke Up After a Decade of Silence
By Rafi Letzter published
A particularly odd, spinning star has woken up, and it's spitting bright flashes of radio waves at us again.
![Oxygen is getting pumped into Earth's liquid outer core.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/8ezD6MewpFz2gTYaeQ3Qye-320-80.jpg)
Tons of Pressurized Oxygen Could Be Hiding Out in Earth's Molten Iron Core
By Rafi Letzter published
Earth's vast magma oceans, roiling deep beneath our feet, seem to be pumping oxygen into the planet's liquid core.
![This zoomed-in image shows the impact site.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/YdT7Ag8xU5Sy3Ab8jTiFiG-320-80.jpg)
An Exploding Asteroid Blasted Across Mars' Surface in the Last 10 Years
By Rafi Letzter published
Sometime in the last decade, something heavy slammed into the Martian atmosphere and blasted apart into a hard rain of superheated material.
![Stratocumulus clouds](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/MjhxgJeQhCPZ7ZKMkr86Ne-320-80.jpg)
Climate Change Could Make These Super-Common Clouds Extinct, Which Would Scorch the Planet
By Rafi Letzter published
Carbon dioxide emissions could wipe out one of Earth's most common types of clouds. That's bad news.
![Stereographic projection of the Milky Way](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/ZqNpJ966sHpowJpSqWcTQb-320-80.jpg)
'River of Stars' Streaming Through the Milky Way Was Hiding in Plain Sight for 1 Billion Years
By Rafi Letzter published
This cluster of stars has been visible for a long time, but scientists only just now realized they're part of the same cosmic river.
![opportunity rover shadow](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/GSroGWPCk5uqVVCDKrMZy4-320-80.jpg)
What Will Happen to the Opportunity Rover's Dead Body on Mars?
By Rafi Letzter published
NASA's Opportunity Rover has died on Mars. Now what?
![NASA's Opportunity Mars Rover](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/8ADNavgxHYRGRHeqmoYFAG-320-80.jpg)
Why Can't NASA's Curiosity Rover Rescue Opportunity?
By Rafi Letzter published
NASA has another mobile robot on Mars. Why not launch a rescue mission?
![Illustration of the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission passing through plasma in space.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/2KL5J4Mz7EzACpm3xMNZhY-320-80.jpg)
Plasma Waves Are Cooking Electrons in Earth's Magnetic Shield
By Rafi Letzter published
Space is warm — or, at least, warmer than it should be. A new study seeks to explain why.
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