Scott Dutfield
Scott is a staff writer for How It Works magazine and has previously written for other science and knowledge outlets, including BBC Wildlife magazine, World of Animals magazine, Space.com and All About History magazine. Scott has a masters in science and environmental journalism and a bachelor's degree in conservation biology degree from the University of Lincoln in the U.K. During his academic and professional career, Scott has participated in several animal conservation projects, including English bird surveys, wolf monitoring in Germany and leopard tracking in South Africa.
Latest articles by Scott Dutfield
![person standing looking at the blood moon above](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/73tqDwofyb7G93dhjPQ8Gj-320-80.jpg)
What is a blood moon?
By Scott Dutfield, Daisy Dobrijevic last updated
Reference It may look spooky, but a blood moon is just a trick of the light. Here we explain this phenomenon and tell you how and where to see the next one.
![Graphic illustration of Einstein's theory of general relativity showing two spheres in close proximity and a series of ripples emanating from them.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/ydwsrwtqwfCre2v6KPpJcn-320-80.jpg)
What is the theory of general relativity? Understanding Einstein's space-time revolution
By Nola Taylor Tillman, Meghan Bartels, Scott Dutfield last updated
Reference Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity is based on the idea that massive objects cause a distortion in space-time, which is felt as gravity.
![graphic illustration of the solar system shows the sun in the center and a number of planets orbiting around it.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/uVwrSjfVvkGwk9y6zNJMob-320-80.jpg)
Solar system planets, order and formation: The ultimate guide
By Daisy Dobrijevic last updated
Reference Explore the eight (or nine) planets of the solar system in order from nearest to the sun and discover the many wonders of our solar system along the way.
![a wispy nebula colored red, blue, orange and pink against a black background speckled with stars.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/ayaEGD6rh9gHPFiDYKT5fd-320-80.jpg)
Nebula: Definition, location and variants
By Andrew May last updated
Reference Among the most spectacular sights in the sky, nebula come in a range of different types.
![mercury appears as a speckled blue, yellow, gray rock against a black backdrop of space and covered in craters.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/fjbeeRiPRQjQNhizwy7cWX-320-80.jpg)
Mercury: A complete guide to the closest planet to the sun
By Charles Q. Choi, Daisy Dobrijevic last updated
Reference Mercury is the closest planet to the sun and the smallest planet in the solar system. Here we explore the strange world in more detail.
![Professor Stephen Hawking speaks about "Why We Should Go into Space" for the NASA Lecture Series, April 21, 2008](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/RCw5VFrfosAvFugkPzUsx6-320-80.jpg)
Stephen Hawking biography: Theories, books & quotes
By Nola Taylor Tillman, Daisy Dobrijevic last updated
Reference Delve into the life and theories of Stephen Hawking; one of the greatest theoretical physicists in history.
![Pluto against the black background of space. The planet is a mix of colors from dark blood-red to white and a dusting of yellow at the top. In the lower right side of the image, the large white expanse of the Tombaugh Regio takes the shape of a heart.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/DoZSMXF87kCuzbymsuEFHo-320-80.jpg)
Pluto: Everything you need to know about the dwarf planet
By Charles Q. Choi, Scott Dutfield last updated
Reference Pluto was once considered the ninth planet in the solar system, it was demoted in 2006 to dwarf planet status. We explore this icy body in more detail here.
![Neptune appears deep blue with wispy light blue bands and a brighter white blue speck in the center of the image.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/PezBzd9Fehsq9XWgWMauVV-320-80.jpg)
Neptune: A guide to the windy eighth planet from the sun
By Charles Q. Choi last updated
Reference Neptune is the farthest planet from the sun and was the first to be predicted before it was discovered.
![Artist's illustration of planet Saturn partially illuminated by the sun with one of its many moons casting a shadow on the impressive ring system.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/mo72fikkp6N2nGCmweU8H5-320-80.jpg)
Saturn: Everything you need to know about the sixth planet from the sun
By Charles Q. Choi last updated
Reference Saturn is the sixth planet from the sun and the second-largest planet in the solar system. We explore this gas giant in more detail here.
![Five overlaid covers of All About Space magazine](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/d9Pp7ejL4FFqT8C6kKQ2Qg-320-80.jpg)
Discover the glitch in the universe with All About Space magazine
By Scott Dutfield published
All About Space magazine issue 137 explores glitches in the universe and how the laws of physics may have been reversed. Take at look at the latest issue here.
![Why is the sky blue? An aerial view of clouds floating over the ocean surrounded by the glow of a blue sky](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/G7CHocPDfEqzHbxVZiVNjA-320-80.jpg)
Why is the sky blue?
By Andrew May last updated
Reference The sky is blue and sunsets are red because different colors of light behave differently when they encounter air molecules, known as Rayleigh scattering.
![European space Agency astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti floats in weightlessness dressed as actor Katee Sackhoff's Starbuck from Battlestar Galactica on the International Space Station in July 2022.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/KWM6GEfjEX6yv2598UR28e-320-80.jpg)
Astronaut's Battlestar Galactica Starbuck cosplay in space thrills sci-fi convention fans (video)
By Scott Dutfield last updated
Astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti has once again brought cosplay to space dressed as Starbuck from Battlestar Galactica.
![NASA technicians load the "Moonikin" mannequin in an orange spacesuit through the Orion space capsule hatch.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/hgBLqxUZcihcDGKdEbtJdd-320-80.jpg)
NASA's 'Moonikin' mannequin boards Orion spacecraft for Artemis 1 moon mission
By Scott Dutfield published
NASA has completed the next steps in the Artemis 1 mission — installing the data-gathering mannequin Commander Moonikin Campos inside the Orion spacecraft.
![A Spitzer image of M87](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/RF6ZvFDF4dBPkayqjFMsbn-320-80.jpg)
What does a giant black hole and its galaxy sound like?
By Scott Dutfield published
Meet the newest stars on the music scene. Well, not stars precisely.
![Venus as seen by Japan's Akatsuki orbiter in December 2015.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/JTCCDap79LbRh9JRFT4mvH-320-80.jpg)
Why is a day on Venus longer than a year? The atmosphere may be to blame.
By Scott Dutfield published
Venus' dense and stormy atmosphere is the cause why a day on the scorching planet is longer than a year, a new study suggests.
![Your artwork could make it here, thanks to a new competition.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/pUTKgBtGeGNyjjuA9A2wYh-320-80.jpg)
New contest will send artwork to the moon
By Scott Dutfield published
300 lucky artists will have their art flown on a one-way ticket to the moon.
![A color image of Valles Marineris](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/zLfTMHQEWS9Qwh3m3EEQ7i-320-80.jpg)
2 giant marsquakes rock the far side of Mars
By Scott Dutfield published
Mars was recently shaken up by two of the largest marquakes recorded.
![A 3D rendering of Mars.](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/Sc9YgvDyiNoVC4d8KzTcUh-320-80.jpg)
Digging deep on Mars could protect future astronauts from radiation
By Scott Dutfield published
Future Mars astronauts may need to go underground to avoid dangerous radiation
![An illustration of exoplanet discoveries](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/9spirV562G8i9iyPiEpe9H-320-80.jpg)
10 amazing exoplanet discoveries
By Andrew May last updated
Reference New exoplanet discoveries have changed what we understand about the universe and now astronomers are finding alien worlds all the time.
![Artist's conception of a Space Launch System (SLS) launch](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/eTp6sMhSPAWFf3Y6ndX82K-320-80.jpg)
Space Launch System: NASA's megarocket for Artemis moon missions
By Nola Taylor Tillman published
Reference NASA's Space Launch System aims to carry humans far beyond Earth.
![The USS Enterprise, one of the most famous spacecraft in science fiction](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/EpQSaaEFpVmdmzySH2WmxL-320-80.jpg)
Could we really build Star Trek's USS Enterprise?
By Scott Dutfield last updated
Reference The U.S.S. Enterprise is one of the most famous spacecraft in science fiction but how close are scientists to building one?
![An illustration of a supermassive black hole](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/CF4ZAdhGg7caSfsp3cvYK4-320-80.jpg)
Supermassive black holes: Theory, characteristics and formation
By Andrew May published
Reference What are supermassive black holes and how are they created?
![Shadowgun Legends - Best sci-fi mobile games](https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/6uLwZF8UihDfJvucsstMNM-320-80.jpg)
Best sci-fi mobile games
By Robert Carnevale last updated
Need your fix of mobile sci-fi action? These games will do the trick.
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